“ Geographic and Social Condition of Tomohon City “
By: Jeineke Ria Motulo
BACKGROUND
God created the earth and everything in it diverse. Tomohon is the gift of Almighty God that benefit the public welfare in all areas nasional.Tomohon social, economic, cultural, political and security as one of the city that created the Lord has a good potential in various fields of environmental, cultural, ethnic, racial or religion. As time goes by from time to time, developments in the town of Tomohon so fast. Tomohon comes from one of the Minahasa area of land that eventually developed into an independent city.
Tomohon known as the Flower City that carries the name of Tomohon internationally. The potential that exists in the town of Tomohon very influential in the growth and development occurs. Because it has a panoramic view of beautiful, cool, safe, and culture that characterizes the city. Three things stand out in the town of Tomohon, religious culture and tourism. Tomohon religious diversity in the city, such as Protestant Christians, Catholic Christians, Buddhists, Hindu and Muslim joined hands with no separation that leads to social differentiation. Not only the religion, culture is also very influential in the development and growth Tomohon, because society upholds the cultural values which are always passed down by ancestors for generations now. Tomohon culture is a famous cultural city “Mapalus”. In addition, there are other cultures as well as regional languages namely Tombulu language, traditional dances such as Maengket, Kabasaran, ect. Culture Mapalus or work together and help each other deeply rooted and entrenched in society Minahasa. This culture is still maintained and preserved. In everyday life can still be felt helpful attitude and cooperation. It is also prominent in the town of Tomohon namely in tourism, which brings Tomohon growing rapidly, prompting the arrival of tourists both foreign and local tourists who help boost the economy Tomohon town. Tomohon tourism places in town like Prayer Hills, Timbered Home makings Traditional , Linow Lake, ect.
This prompted the authors to find out more about developments and conditions that occur in Tomohon.
DISSCUSION AND EXPERIMENT RESULT
Tomohon is a city on Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is a new city in the province of North Sulawesi (North Sulawesi), Indonesia. Initially, Tomohon was a part of the Minahasa regency in North Sulawesi. Tomohon is known for flower planting at people’s homes. Nearby is the Lokon mountain. Tomohon is known for wood house production, palm sugar (aren) production, vegetable agriculture, and as a centre of Christian ministry and as a student town.Tomohon also has a local TV station, TV 5 Dimensi, with services available to 2,5 million viewers in North Sulawesi. Tomohon is a city on Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is a new city in the province of North Sulawesi Initially, Tomohon was a part of the Minahasa regency in North Sulawesi. Tomohon, since the first early time has been written in recent history. One of them contained in the ethnographic work of Rev. N. Graafland that when, on January 14, 1864 aboard the Queen Elisabeth ship, he wrote about a country named Tomohon which he visited in the years around 1850. The development of civilization and the development and societal dynamics from year to year making Tomohon as one capital district in Minahasa regency. The local inhabitant is mostly come from Tombulu tribe, but there is also Toutemboan tribe which is located in northern side of Tomohon, precisely in Tinoor village, that is Tinoor satu and Tinoor dua. Other tribe outside Tomohon is also live peacefully under the same roof. In daily speaking, Tomohon people use Tomohon language and Bahasa Indonesia, they also speak in Minahasan. Minahasa language has 8 traditional dialects like Tountemboan, Toulour, Tombulu and many more. The local language most often used in Tomohon is Tombulu language, because it is included in the ethnic areas Tombulu Tomohon. Moreover, beside the conversational language above, turns out, there are also communities in Minahasa and Tomohon especially parents who master the Dutch language because of the influence of the Dutch colony and the antiquity of the schools that use the Dutch language. Tomohon people mostly hold Christianity and become the center of Protestant Christianity in Minahasa.
While, for those who are Moslem, mostly live in Java Town or Kampung Jawa. Tomohon people same like the Minahasa people, generally have the customs and culture known as Mapalus. Mapalus means working together and help each other, it has been rooted and entrenched in society of Minahasa. That culture is still maintained and preserved until this days. On the economic side, Tomohon is famous by the flowers producer in Sulawesi. Tomohon market was once the largest traditional market in Minahasa. Where sold various types of meat such as: beef, pork, dog, tree rats, bats and chickens. In addition, Tomohon market also sells various types of sea fish and freshwater fish.
The Tomohon local culinary is quite interesting, but some people who are not familiar with the food will feel awkward or even forbidden for some societies. Like RW or dog spicy meat, Paniki or Bat meat, Pork and Roasted spicy rats. Can you imagine? But those are Tomohon culinaries or North Sulawesi food in general have some spicy foods. The more its spice, the more it delicious. Tomohon is flanked by three volcanoes: Lokon mt, Mahawu mt, and Masarang mt, this make Tomohon become a fertile area and become tourism destination. The most interesting part of tourism in Tomohon is Flower Festival which is held every two years. Other tourism destinations in Tomohon are, Linow Lake, Rurukan agro tourism, Wooden traditional house, and some cultural destinations.
1) Geographic of Tomohon City
Tomohon City is located at point 1015′ of North Latitude and 1240 50′ of West Longitude with land areal is 147.2178 km² or 14,721.78 Ha.Tomohon placed in 1°15′ north latitude and 124°50′ East longitude. Tomohon’s wide is around 11.420 Ha with population is 87.719 souls.Tomohon’s city placed at high approximately 700- 800 meters of sea levels, between by 2 active flaming mountains which is Mountain Lokon (1. 689 m) and Mahawu’s Mountain (1. 311 m). Temperature at Tomohon’s City on day time can reach 30 degree celciuses and 23- 24 nocturnal degree celciuses. Geographically, Tomohon city surrounded by Minahasa area. Means that it bordered with Minahasa region at north, south, east and west. Generally, Tomohon city located on main path circulation, connects Manado city, as a capital province, with other cities which are located in Minahasa Region.
Distance between Tomohon City with some cities in North Sulawesi are:
Tomohon – Bitung is ± 55,0 kilometer
Tomohon – Manado is ± 22,0 kilometer
Tomohon – Tondano is ± 15,0 kilometer
Tomohon city could be accessed directly from Manado City and accessing from Bitung could be pass by Tondano City or through Manado. Enough smooth of Accessibility to other cities in North Sulawesi Province, within good quality of roads.
Data on the average rainfall 1422 mm – 2364 mm. Monthly rainfall distribution shows that the rain falls throughout the year. But more rain occurs from October to June compared with July to September. (JICA Study, 2001). The average temperature 21.9 oC to 22.5 oC monthly, and humidity ranged from 85% to 91%.
Tomohon topography of the entire territory lies in the topography of the plateau. In Tomohon there Mahawu Mount Mount (1331 m) and Mount Lokon (1579.6 m).
Tomohon cool climate is characteristic of its own in the province of North Sulawesi. Biodiversity is a challenge to be explored. Through one of the foundations engaged in saving the environment was carried out on an expedition to seek native plants Tomohon. Having done the research expedition into the interior of Mount Masarang by Masarang Foundation in collaboration with the University of Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT) Manado, have been found various species of flora and fauna found only in Sulawesi. Several rare plants have now been grown in nurseries Masarang Foundation that will be used as part of a new botanical garden at Mount Masarang. Botanical garden is expected to be a provider of seed, environmental education facilities, cooperation projects and eco-tourism attraction for local and foreign tourists.
February 8, 2006, for the first time in the parade of Tomohon flower out to stimulate the tourism and the cultivation of flowers. This parade of flowers by Mayor Tomohon sets the annual calendar. June 2008 was held in Tomohon Flower Festival (TFF) as a continuation of the parade of flowers, which was held February 08, 2006.
- Tomohon city consists of 5 districts.
Tomohon City consists of five (5) districts and 35 villages. Geographically, Tomohon City surrounded by the Minahasa region. This means, from the north, south, east and west, directly adjacent to the Minahasa. In general, the City Tomohon located on the main circulation path that connects between Manado as the capital city of North Sulawesi and other cities that are in the Minahasa region. The development of civilization and the dynamics of development and social organization from year to year make Tomohon as one of the capital district in Minahasa. There are few notes about the history of Tomohon that has been written. One of them is in the etnografis paper that was written by Priest N. Graafland who went to Tomohon on January 14th 1864 on the Queen Elisabeth ship. He wrote about his experience on a country named Tomohon which had been visited around 1850.
2) Social conditions of Tomohon City
The majority of tribal communities Tombulu Tomohon, but there are tribes who inhabited the northern end of town Toutemboan Tomohon, precisely in the Village Tinoor comprising Tinoor Tinoor One and two. Tomohon also inhabited by other tribes, both derived from Minahasa, North Sulawesi as well as other tribes in Indonesia.
Since Tomohon first known as a city of education and religious city, because this is where the missionaries from the Dutch settled and opened schools, hospitals and the center spread of Christianity in the Land of Minahasa. Tomohon have educational facilities ranging from kindergarten to college or university. Educational facilities run by the government and the private sector. Some universities or high schools in Tomohon, among others:
o Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon (ukit) managed by the Foundation GMIM Ds. AZR. Wenas (Protestant).
o University of Indonesia Tomohon Sariputra (Unsrit) is managed by Yayasan Dharma Bhakti (Buddha). Academy Physiotherapy
o (Akfis) “By St. Luke” managed by the Foundation Manuel Runtu (Catholic).
o Academy of Nursing (Nursing College) “Mount Mary” which is managed by Yayasan Ratna Miriam (Catholic).
o Academy of Nursing (Nursing College) “Bethesda” managed by the Foundation GMIM Ds. AZR. Wenas (Protestant).
o High School Theologia “Parakletos” managed by the GSJA
Tomohon, once known as the center of the producers of vegetables, which has now become the district preached Modoinding, South Minahasa Regency. Tomohon now known as the producer of flores (flower) in the North of the province of Sulawesi. Not only that, the place is surrounded by three volcanoes, namely: Lokon, Mahawu and Masarang make this area as a fertile area and tourist areas, because the weather was cool. Tomohon market which was once the largest traditional market in Minahasa. Where they sell different kinds of meat, such as: beef, pork, dog, arboreal rats, bats and poultry. The meat is sold very cool that it fishes in the market. In addition, Tomohon market also sells various types of saltwater fish and freshwater fish. Because the market’s most complete Tomohon, traders so many others are even go shopping special market Tomohon come in large numbers.
Tomohon majority of people embraced Christianity and became the center of the spread of Protestant Christianity on the Minahasa. Office of the Central Synod of the Christian Evangelical Church in Minahasa (GMIM) which is the largest church in North Sulawesi, which is located in the city. Similarly, the Roman Catholic Church has many followers with a long history in Tomohon. Office of the Seventh-day Adventist Church Conference South Minahasa region and centered on Tomohon Tomohon. In Tomohon there is also a Buddhist monastery in the village have Kakaskasen III. Most people who are Muslims Tomohon settled in the village of Kampung Java. There is also a boarding school in the village Kinilow.
In the daily life of people in Tomohon Manado and Languages other than using the Indonesian language, as spoken language also uses the language of Minahasa. As is known in Minahasa consists of eight types of regional languages used by the eight ethnic groups, such as Tountemboan, Toulour, Tombulu and others. Local language most often used in Tomohon is Tombulu language, because it is included in the ethnic Tombulu Tomohon region. In addition to spoken language at the top, there are also communities in Minahasa and Tomohon especially the parents who master the Dutch language because of the influence of the Dutch colony and the ancient schools that use the Dutch language. Today more and more people today who master the Dutch language and use declined with the decline in the elderly.
Means of public transport operating in Tomohon are, land Transport in the form:
- Mikrolet (in the city, close).
- Bus (inter-city, in the province, between provinces).
- Bendi & Ojek (areas).
- Taxi
Tomohon Minahasa community as the community at large have the customs and culture known as Mapalus. Culture Mapalus or work together and help each other deeply rooted and entrenched in society Minahasa. This culture is still maintained and preserved. In everyday life can still be felt helpful attitude and cooperation.
Traditional dance of Tomohon city are :
* Kabasaran Dance
This dance is a traditional dance Minahasa military, which removed the word : Wasal, which means the chicken comb is cut so that the chicken to be more aggressive in fights.
Dance is accompanied by the sound of small drums and gongs percussion instruments like drums, gongs or kolintang called “Pa ‘ Wasalen” and the dancers are called Kawasalan, which means to dance by imitating the movements of two roosters are fighting.
* Maengket Dance
Dance Maengket already in the field since the people of Minahasa Minahasa know agriculture. Maengket dance performed at the time of harvest of agricultural products with a simple movement. Now Maengket dance has grown especially without leaving the dance form and authenticity.
Traditional music of Tomohon city are :
* Kolintang
Kolintang is a musical instrument that originated from Minahasa Kolintang usually used as an accompaniment of songs from folk singer or just a musical instrument only. Kolintang already very popular in Indonesia has even promoted abroad. Kolintang played by a team, usually a team of 5 to 6 people.
* Musik Bambu
Musik Bambu is also traditional music from Minahasa a team 30-40 people there even more. Musik Bambu from the Minahasa also very popular in Indonesia is not even uncommon outside of North Sulawesi, invites teams of Musik Bambu.
Objects of tourism that is at Tomohon’s City which is: Prayer Hills, Timbered Home makings Traditional, Linow Lake, ect.
The most withdraw from tourism at Tomohon is activity Tomohon Flower Festival one that is evened out every 2 years once. In that festival, there is interesting activity a lot of tourist for coming sees, which is Tournament of flower. (TOF).
Tomohon’s city often arrange pageant to commemorate Indonesia independence day on the fifteenth 17th August, and that pageant pull tourist to see parade pageant pull tourist to see parade pageant drum band / marching band.
Object of tourism in Tomohon:
- 1. Prayer Hills
Amphiteater in Mahawu valley
An amphitheatre is an open-air venue used for entertainment and performances. There are two similar, but distinct, types of structure for which the word ‘amphitheatre’ is used: Ancient amphitheatres, built by the ancient Romans, were large central performance spaces surrounded by ascending seating, and were commonly used for spectator sports; these compare more closely to modern open-air stadia. They were given this name because their shape resembled that of two theatres joined together. Modern amphitheatres (incorrectly so named, but the word has come to be used in this sense) are more typically used for theatrical or concert performances and typically feature a more traditionally theatrical-style stage with the audience only on one side, usually at an arc of less than a semicircle; these compare more closely to the theatres of ancient Greece, and have been more commonly built throughout history as performance spaces. Amphitheatres are typically man-made, though there are also geological formations used in the same manner which are known as natural amphitheatres. Special events and games were held in ancient Roman amphitheatres, such as the gladiator games.
- 2. Timbered Home makings Traditional
Timbered home makings place interesting traditional it is at Woloan’s village. House by use of system knock down this was designed for gets to be uncovered by tide to be able to under to be rebuilt at desirable place by buyer.
- 3. Linow Lake
This little lake unique because contain tall brimstone rate this have color that goal seeking clings to viewpoint and lake lighting.